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The Socratic Hearth

Questions Liberties · democratic processes

Should Canada replace first-past-the-post with a proportional voting system?

In the 2015 election the Liberal Party promised it would be the last federal election under first-past-the-post. This conversation ran from December 2016 to February 2017; on 1 February 2017 the government dropped the promise.

A public Polis conversation on electoral reform in Canada

Write your position on this Read the two starter cards

How 448 people voted on statements about it

From a public Polis conversation in Canada, online, December 2016 to February 2017: “Canadian Electoral Reform”. People wrote statements and voted agree, disagree or pass on each other’s. These rows are the statements most voters agreed with, the ones that split voters most evenly, and the ones the fewest agreed with, out of 112 that at least 15 people voted on. Statements about the voters themselves, insults and unchecked factual claims are left out. Passes are not counted.

0%25%50%75%100%share of voters who agreed with each statement

Most agreed

  • It’s important to increase voter education.

    126 agreed, 3 disagreed (98% agreed) · statement 1

  • Many Canadians don’t vote because they feel a sense of apathy towards their government and politics in general.

    119 agreed, 7 disagreed (94% agreed) · statement 0

  • I think Canada would be worse off if we had only two parties.

    34 agreed, 1 disagreed (97% agreed) · statement 129

Split the room

  • It is important to achieve broad support of all Canadians before moving forward with procedures for electoral reform.

    57 agreed, 58 disagreed (50% agreed) · statement 24

  • I think a "citizens' assembly" is a good way to represent the whole electorate.

    22 agreed, 19 disagreed (54% agreed) · statement 97

  • The voting age should be lowered to 16.

    56 agreed, 46 disagreed (55% agreed) · statement 40

Fewest agreed

  • Our current electoral system has served Canadians well for decades and is efficient.

    23 agreed, 99 disagreed (19% agreed) · statement 14

  • If we used a system with proportional representation, the opinions would be too strongly divided and nothing would ever get done.

    11 agreed, 100 disagreed (10% agreed) · statement 16

Where the groups agreed

Polis sorts voters into opinion groups by how they voted across the whole conversation. This one found 2: Group A (16 voters) and Group B (265 voters). These are the statements every group was most likely to agree with, ranked the way Polis ranks common ground: the chance of agreeing in each group, multiplied together. Under them is the statement the groups were furthest apart on.

  • Schools need to teach more critical thought, so citizens may more closely examine political platforms/arguments & hold officials to account

    Group A6 agreed, 0 disagreed (100%)
    Group B34 agreed, 1 disagreed (97%)
  • It’s important to increase voter education.

    Group A11 agreed, 1 disagreed (92%)
    Group B111 agreed, 2 disagreed (98%)
  • I think all parties have self-interest biases.

    Group A7 agreed, 2 disagreed (78%)
    Group B66 agreed, 1 disagreed (99%)

Where they split

  • Governments are not accountable when most votes cast elect no-one and there are so many "safe" ridings under our current FPTP system

    Group A0 agreed, 13 disagreed (0%)
    Group B77 agreed, 4 disagreed (95%)

The conversation: pol.is/5mnfxu85hx. Its data: The Computational Democracy Project, CC BY 4.0.

Two starter cards

Written for the hearth so this question has a whole card on each side to argue with. No visitor wrote them, so the two parts only a person can fill are empty: what happened to you, and who on the other side called the case against fair.

Yes

Where this card stands
Yes. A party’s share of seats should follow its share of votes, and first-past-the-post often hands majorities to parties most voters didn’t choose.
How sure, before and after the case against
75%65%
The strongest case against it
Proportional systems usually need coalitions, so voters lose the chance to throw out one party they blame, and local MPs can matter less.
What would change this card’s mind
If countries that switched to proportional systems saw trust in government or turnout fall afterwards.
What happened to you
Empty on a starter card.
Called fair by someone on the other side
Nobody yet. Only a person can fill this.

Argue with this card

Only with a referendum

Where this card stands
Not without a referendum. Changing how votes count changes who wins, and the people who won under the old rules shouldn’t choose the new ones alone.
How sure, before and after the case against
60%55%
The strongest case against it
Referendums on voting systems tend to fail because the familiar system wins by default, so requiring one protects the parties that benefit from it.
What would change this card’s mind
If a citizens’ assembly drawn by lot recommended a system and voters still had no way to adopt it.
What happened to you
Empty on a starter card.
Called fair by someone on the other side
Nobody yet. Only a person can fill this.

Argue with this card

“Argue with this card” opens the card on the front page with this card’s position as the case against you. You write where you stand and what would change your mind.

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